Software Patent/Copyright Issues in Peru :: Technology Computers Essays

Programming Patent/Copyright Issues in Peru Programming Patent/Copyright issues are a worldwide concern. Data Technology improvements over the most recent ten years have acquired advancement both Software and Hardware. The ascent of the Internet and its clients around the globe is extending the boondocks. Be that as it may, these advances in Information Technology accompanied the easy method to duplicate programming wrongfully. My exploration will be centered around the laws that ensure the protected innovation in Peru and their impact universally. I will examine the issue from a moral point of view in how these laws are correct or wrong and my closely-held conviction for an answer of the issue from various methodologies. Peru and the Globalization I left my nation five years prior. At the point when I came here I got my first PC. I didn’t get one in Peru since I was frightened that somebody could take it from my home. My cousin’s PC was taken twice (each time another PC) from her home. By 1992, after psychological warfare, the wrongdoing expanded significant in Lima, capital of Peru. An underdeveloped nation faces various types of issues, however the main one is practical. The assets are constrained and one of the most significant apparatuses for a nation with respect to a privately owned business is its interest in Research and Development to develop. Programming Patent/Copyright laws in Peru INDECOPI Peru has an administration establishment, the National Institute for the Defense of Competition and the Protection of Intellectual Property (INDECOPI). The accompanying laws are restrictive for programming: Statute/Features Highlights upon the utilization of PC programs (programming) 1.It is permitted to utilize programming carried from another nation with the relating permit, yet can't be marketed without the approval of the holder of the privilege of creator. The permitted client has the privilege to introduce the program on the hard plate for its successful use. Each multiplication or usage of programming without having the relating permit conceded by the holder of the privilege of creator or his agent is viewed as unlawful and aloof for authorize authoritative and additionally legal. The PCs that sell itself with the product consolidated must be conveyed with the manual, separate licenses of utilization and reinforcements containing the program. The product can't be used in a more prominent number of PCs that the approved in the individual permit. On account of systems it is required to check the licenses for all the machines that use the product. It is illegal to lease programming without the approval of the holder of the privilege of creator.

Stanlislovskis System: Concepts On Acting :: essays research papers

Stanlislovski's System: Concepts on Acting      The Elements of Style, as depicted by Sonia More in her disentangled view of the Stanlislavski System, are clear simple ideas intended to help entertainers accomplish a significant and honest depiction of their character on the stage through close to home association with their character. These ideas are structured as devices for the on-screen character with the goal that he may associate with a character or circumstance on the stage that he in any case would not have the option to interface with.      As Sonia Moore put it, Stanlislovski realized that an on-screen character's brain, will, what's more, feelings must partake in the making of a live individual on the stage. He likewise comprehended that it is inconceivable for individuals to turn their musings and feelings on and off as though by a switch. He additionally realized that no on-screen character going ahead stage with no purpose behind encountering feelings would be not able to do as such without some association, or extension, to the individual and passionate reaction of their character. So Stanlislovski planned device for the on-screen character to use to help him interface with the enthusiastic and physical universe of his character.      Such ideas as The Magic If is an away from of a device an on-screen character could use to associate himself the life of the character. The Magic If, essentially guides the entertainer to pose the straightforward inquiry: "What would I do on the off chance that I were in my character position?" By posing this inquiry of himself the entertainer can customize the given conditions of the character. The circumstance of the character turns out to be increasingly close to home, and the stakes a lot higher, on the grounds that the on-screen character has unveiled some specific issues of himself into the character. Due to these particularities the on-screen character will work out the given situation of the character in a considerably more honest way. Indeed, even in acting the well-known adage goes: "You can't truly know somebody until you walk a mile in their shoes." This idea of The Enchantment If likewise has a major influence in another Element of Action - Imagination.      Imagination is another device that permits the on-screen character to construct a generous relationship with his character by making the very universe in which his character dwells. Through this masterful creative mind the on-screen character can make the past, present, and eventual fate of the character. The entertainer, generally, could play God wherein the character is concerned separated from given conditions or the conditions that exist inside the play. This aesthetic creative mind is being used to give considerations and feeling to the character being depicted by just implanting trustworthiness and honesty into the on-screen character's exhibition.      There are other Element's of Actions that direct the entertainer to frame

A CSR for the Abu Dhabi Culture Authority Research Paper

A CSR for the Abu Dhabi Culture Authority - Research Paper Example The noteworthy lodging took an aggregate of 3 years to construct and was opened in November 2005, anyway there were various eateries and spas that were not opened until the next year as they were not finished when the time inn was making its ways for people in general (Kempinski Group). The inn can be said to have a place with the accommodation just as extravagance industry considering the costly expense of remaining in even the least expensive room accessible (Kempinski Group). The association manages the arrangement of food and lodging among different administrations engaged with the cordiality business what's more the arrangement of lodgings, there are various different offices that are available inside the structure, for example, cafés, spas, and other brandishing and wellbeing offices that are accessible to the individuals who are living in the inn (Kempinski Group). The structure was planned by a planner named John Elliot who was a Senior Vice President at a worldwide firm whose fundamental forte was in the planning of lavish lodgings called Wimberly, Allison, Tong and Goo. The lodging was financed and is claimed by the Abu Dhabi government and is under the administration of the Kempinski Group. The inn cost 11.02 AED to assemble and is the second most costly inn on the planet after the Marina Bay Sands in Singapore (Kempinski Group). Altogether, the inn has 92 suites just as 302 rooms. 22 of these suites are saved for facilitating different heads of state with key open figures having remained at the lodging before, for example, the previous British Prime Minister Tony Blair (Kempinski Group). The inn has additionally had the option to hold its own monetarily creating a great income of more than 50 million U.S dollars every year (Kempinski Group). The least expensive room that is accessible in this inn is what is known as the Coral Room that costs $400 per night with the most costly being the Palace Grand Suite that goes for $11500 per night (Kempinski Group). There are various

Risk Management Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Hazard Management - Research Proposal Example There are a few procedures that are associated with corporate administration. These are observing and assessment, key arranging and others. One of the most significant features of corporate administration is chance administration. Today is imperative to take note of that associations work inside a situation that is created with dangers and different obstacles that must be survived if the association is to succeed. The dangers that the association is presented to include: money related, catastrophic event, security dangers among others. Hazard the board includes the way toward recognizing, evaluating and organizing of dangers that the association is confronted with. This is then trailed by a sorted out and arranged utilization of assets at the removal of the association to address this danger. The point is to deflect, control, screen and moderate the impacts of the hazard that has been distinguished. There are different hazard the board models at the removal of the organization. They incorporate, however not constrained to: Project Management Institute, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and others (Matthias and Glasgowl: 2009). This exploration proposition is going to address the idea of the relationship that exists between chance administration and corporate administration. ... These dangers may influence the capacity of the association to accomplish its objectives and goals. The impacts of the dangers on the association are multifaceted: there are sure and negative outcomes to the firm. Negative effects may include loss of income, loss of customers and different impacts that wreck the objectives set by the association. In any case, there are additionally positive results when the firm is presented to chance (Turnbull: 2009). It ought to be noticed that dangers are a vital piece of the business' prosperity. On the off chance that the association doesn't face a challenge, at that point it is impossible that they will ever push ahead (Turnbull: 2009). Each undertaking is a hazard; it is a bet that the association is taking. Therefore, it turns out to be significant for the administration of the firm to think of techniques that guarantee that the firm endeavors the positive traits of the hazard while simultaneously overseeing successfully the negative characteristics (Turnbull: 2009). Essentially, what the administration is associated with is the distinguishing proof and evaluation of the dangers that the association faces as it is run on an everyday premise. They understand that a portion of the dangers must be abused all together for the association to achieve their targets (Matthias and Glasgowl: 2009). 1.2: Research Justifications Mamousee (2008) is of the view that there are numerous investigations that are been led at some random time inside some random field. This been the situation, it is then significant for any specialist, before leaving on the assignment of directing his exploration, to initially legitimize why his examination is pertinent to the field. By and large, what is the worth that the field will get from this specific research and for what reason should it be bolstered' It is a reality

buy custom Assimilation versus Enculturation essay

purchase custom Assimilation versus Enculturation exposition There were a few migrants who moved to America in the twentieth century. After the 1890 melancholy, the quantity of workers to the US nearly multiplied. There were outsiders from everywhere throughout the world with unmistakable races, ethnicities and national gatherings; these were Jews, Latin Americans, Europeans, Asians and furthermore African Americans. The migrants came to America for different reasons including escape from political abuse, strict opportunity, and monetary reasons, among others. Having originated from different pieces of the world, the outsiders found an alternate culture in America, altogether different from their own. The settlers were then confronted with the hard assignment of concluding whether to absorb socially or to safeguard their own societies. A dominant part of the outsiders acclimatized into the American culture, particularly the ladies who intermarried. Absorption for this situation implied the forsaking of their societies and receiving another pre vailing one. Notwithstanding, some like the Hispanics kept up the greater part of their social perspectives, primarily on account of the closeness to their unique country. The digestion carried with it numerous impacts including mental alterations. The outsiders appeared to have relinquished their inceptions and custom which was viewed as a negative thing. The digestion was likewise observed to have helped a large number of the outsiders settle well in America; feeling as American as the locals. Enculturation is characterized as the act of knowing ones unique culture (Korzenny 1998). Enculturation can be either for ones own way of life or of the remote or predominant culture. Most outsiders these days attempt to show their kids their unique societies while as yet acculturating the American culture. The enculturation has for the most part served to help the workers ages to comprehend where they originated from and furthermore acknowledge different societies. Enculturation makes liber ality and expansive information. Enculturation has for the most part been gainful in mental turn of events yet somewhat it has caused mental flimsiness. Presentation of numerous societies from youth leaves a portion of the youngsters feeling befuddled as they can't relate to both of the way of life. A few Americans with remote societies have likewise thought that it was difficult to fit in their unique societies with the American culture and this has brought about them feeling distanced and like outcasts living in America. Some have even gone similarly as disassociating themselves totally with their unique societies. Interestingly, there ought to be a harmony among enculturation and cultural assimilation since the two of them have their favorable circumstances and impediments. Purchase custom Assimilation versus Enculturation paper

The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor, Write An Essay Discussing How An

The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor, Write An Essay Discussing How An The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor, Write An Essay Discussing How An Understanding Of Its â€" Essay Example > The nicotinic acetylcholine receptorNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are proteins involved in the cell to cell communication in the nervous system. These are prototypical proteins that are located in the cell membrane that make it possible through the formation of ligand-gated ion channels across the surface of the cells and are responsible for diffusion of signals between cells (Kandel et al, 1995). The intercellular activity of this group of proteins plays a significant role in the brain function of the nervous system of mammals (Crick, 1994). The channels that these receptors formed are ionotropic or affected by ions of charges. Another property is the increase in opening of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, similar to the muscarinic acetylcholine type, but compared to others this type can be activated by nicotine (Siegel et al. , 1999; Itier and Bertrand, 2001). Being involved in the intercellular communication, these receptors are found in different parts of the bo dy specifically in the central and peripheral nervous system. One of the functions of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors is in connection with muscle contraction which is controlled by the peripheral nervous system (“Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors”, 2006). The performance of these receptors can be affected by chemical substances such as medicines and abused drugs. An example is the negative effect of cocaine and MK-801 [(+)dizocilpine], a medicine for convulsion to AChR (Hess et al, 2000). Studies of the receptors are being undertaken through the use of cryoelectron microscopy, mutagenesis and labelling. Results show that the structure that is involved in intercellular functions is the five twisted M2 alpha-helices surround a transmembrane (TM) pore (Sansom, 2000). The nicotinic receptors, in particular, have a molecular weight of approximately 280kDa. It belongs to the nicotinicoid receptor family which also has the 5 symmetrical receptor subunits arranged in a pore loc ated in the centre. Members of this group of Cys-loop proteins include GABAA receptors, glycine receptors, and the type 3 serotonin receptors (Cascio, 2004; “Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors”, 2006). The structure of the nicotinic receptor is composed of twelve kinds of subunits with similar hydrophobic regions that form the pentamers, a2 to a10 and ß2 to ß4 (Siegel et al. , 1999; Itier and Bertrand, 2001). Two a subunits, which is a combination of a ß, a d and either a ? or a e comprise the muscle form of nAChR (Siegel et al. , 1999; Itier and Bertrand, 2001; Giniatullin et al. , 2005). On the other hand, the neuronal forms can be composed of different subunits (“Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors”, 2006). When the receptors work a subunits turn more symmetrical as the other subunits and pore approximately 0.65 nm opens. This takes place on the ACh binding site near the N termini of the molecule (Siegel et al. , 1999; Colquhoun and Sivilotti, 2004; “Nicotinic acetylch oline receptors”, 2006). “The electrostatic isopotential surface--a surface representing constant electric potential--for a model of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The model was developed by Igor Tsigelny, Naoya Sugiyama, and Palmer Taylor at the Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry/Biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego, in collaboration with Steven M. Sine at the Mayo Foundation in Rochester, Minnesota. Visualized by Igor Tsigelny at SDSC” (San Diego Supercomputer Center, n.d. )There are two types of receptors, the neuronal or ganglionic receptors and the neuromuscular receptors. The neuronal receptors are located in the central nervous system that controls the brain and spinal cord of vertebrates  and also on all autonomic ganglia, a collection of neurons in the autonomic nervous system. The neuromuscular type is responsible for muscle contraction which is done when receptors in the neuromuscular junctions of somatic muscles are activated (“ Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors”, n.d. ).

Professionalism in Nursing - 2750 Words

Professionalism in Nursing (Essay Sample) Content: NURSINGName:Course:Tutor:Date: NURSINGNursing is a complex profession that requires one to work in a health care organization or as an independent care provider in diagnosing and treating diseases. The profession requires that one should have the necessary skills, standards and ethics in order to meet the expectations of the nursing practice. These skills are offered in many higher level learning institutions as short term or long term courses with the aim of responding to the daily changes in health care needs. The institutions also provide adequate knowledge that is required for leadership roles in the field of nursing.The course follows a specific outline that combines readings, discussions and assignments that are conducted theoretically in class and also practically in the field. The effects of the course contents are evident in the manner in which nurses change their personal views and nature of practice in the nursing discipline. In the first and the second top ic on professional practice and ethics, nurses are first introduced to reflection. This is the process by which nurses should be able to examine their environment and take the necessary actions. It is about analyzing of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s behaviors and that of others in relation to a certain situation and building on oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s strengths in order to act more effectively in the future. This changes the way a practitioner views things. It prompts them to always act in a manner that ignores their personal assumptions about other people. This changed view has an effect on nursing practice. It makes them feel more committed to their responsibility of providing care to their patients. The practice also helps them to update their skills in this profession CITATION Bow03 \l 1033 (Bowden, 2003).The part of the code of ethics clearly states the provisions that guide nursing practices. They are obligations that must be followed by anyone who wills to be a nurse. The rules largely affect the way nurses view things. Since they are nonnegotiable, they make the nurses to improve on their relations and their commitment in providing care to all patients, whether they are related to them or not. This also adds to their responsibilities to strive and promote the health of their patients in a manner that upholds integrity and safety. The overall effect of these guidelines is improved healthcare, advancement in nursing skills and maintenance of competence in the profession CITATION Ame01 \l 1033 (Association, 2001).The other important reading in the profession is the patient safety and nursing quality. In this topic, practitioners are introduced to the evident link that connects patient safety with the quality of the health care provided. Again, nurses are the main players in this area and the skills they obtain changes not only their personal view of things but also the manner in which they practice nursing. They learn on how to use computers, simulators, bar coding and the b est way to manage resources, among other practices that have been proved to improve patient safety. Through this knowledge, nurses are able to monitor their actions since enhancing patient safety becomes their full responsibility. Their focus in reducing mortality and morbidity increases.When it comes to delegation, nurses learn the principles that guide on sharing of tasks and decision making. They are also educated on the rights of delegation and this enables them to put away their personal interests and dedicate their efforts in the roles that they are assigned. This is especially so if the responsibilities are task based. When delegation is done on the basis of the practitionerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s expertise, it leads to improved skills and better results CITATION Wey10 \l 1033 (Weydt, 2010).There is however some factors that affect the efficiency of nursing practice mainly in the workplace. These factors make it difficult for nurses to feel safe and protected. Such factors are catered for in the reading about nursing rights. The Bill of Rights offers protection to nurses, outlines the resources that nurses need to perform effectively and states all the rights that nurses are entitled to. This increases the sense of confidence in the way nurses carry out their practices. The topic on nursing languages equips the practitioners with adequate knowledge on the recognized terminologies and the sets of data that support nursing practice. Effective practice requires the nurse to have a good understanding of each of the te...

Obesity Proper Exercise And Healthy Eating Essay

Obesity Proper exercise and healthy eating, decrease the likelihood of a child being obese.Obesity is a type of disease that leads to improper nutrition and when our body stores too much fat, which causes us to become unhealthy or overweight. Almost 2 million people around the world ages 18 and older are obese. According to NHANES survey(Cynthia L. Ogden,Margaret D. Carroll ,Cheryl D. Fryar and Katherine M. Flegal), 16 percent of children between age 6 and 19 are obese. The human body is becoming a fat stockpile and this is killing us because it leads to an unhealthy lifestyle. Obesity leads to chronic illnesses which includes the following: Heart disease, Cancer, Diabetes, High blood pressure, and Gallbladder disease. However, these diseases are continuing to occur because of fast food and junk food, which is wreaking havoc on our health. To determine if you re obese, you must calculate your body mass to the scale of your weight to your height. Genes play a strong role in obesity; our bodies can store fat more easily and shed it less than others. Most of us today spend our time sitting, driving, sleeping and eating big proportions of high-calorie food than ever before. Now the human population is less physically active and this results in our bodies not receiving the proper exercise it needs. Our body can’t handle the extra weight which can lead to premature death. A person’s genetics can determine if one’s relatives were obese or not. It can cause aShow MoreRelatedObesity : Obesity And Obesity1472 Words   |  6 PagesObesity in our society continues to grow at an alarming rate. America is the richest country but has the largest population of obese people in the world. â€Å"Nearly 36.5% of American’s are obese (Adult Obesity Facts).† It is important to note that obesity is defined as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of â€Å"30% or more† (The Socioeconomic Causes of Obesity). People become obese over times for many reasons like feeling there is less of a need to exercise and eat healthy. There are also more fast food selectionsRead MoreImplementing a Healthy Life Style and Proper Eating Habits Is Critical to Obese People1399 Words   |  6 PagesStatement: Implementing a healthy life and proper eating habits style is very critical to obese people. This is because they can easily avoid the health risks associated with obesity and can be of benefit economically by saving money that is spent on unhealthy feedstuffs. The cost of undergoing weight loss surgeries is also avoided. Healthy living This condition is termed as the general condition of the physical and mental being free from injury, pain or illness. Healthy lifestyle is significantRead MoreHow to Prevent Obesity in Adults and Young Children857 Words   |  4 PagesPrevent Obesity in Adults and Young Children Obesity is a growing concern in today’s society; however, it is a disease that can be prevented through simple changes in lifestyle. Obesity is defined as being grossly overweight. Benson, J. (2009, August) (p2) in his article states that obesity is a condition that affects individuals of all ages worldwide. There are many contributing factors to being obese, with the main ones being the consumption of junk food, lack of a proper diet and exercise. HuffRead MoreObesity And Obesity Among Hispanic And African American Communities1701 Words   |  7 Pages Diabetes and Obesity Name Institution Diabetes and Obesity Abstract There exists a close relationship between diabetes and obesity. The two conditions have troubled the global sector, leading to numerous deaths and excessive expenditure. This study evaluates the relationship between exercise/diets with obesity and diabetes among Hispanic and African American populations. The two communities face challenges of contracting diabetes and obesity owing to their lifestyle. ThereRead MoreHealthy Eating Habits780 Words   |  4 PagesExpository Essay One can benefits by eating healthy to maintain a healthier body simply by eating the proper foods. Eating the proper foods will help increase one’s energy levels just by eating the right nutrients to help one’s body function properly. Nutrients in one’s body will offer other health benefits as well. For example, eating fruits and vegetables can prevent and even reduce health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, strokes just to name a few. According to  Federal Citizen InformationRead MoreObesity : A Growing Problem918 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is a growing problem in the United States, especially with children and adolescents. Since 1980 obesity rates have more than doubled in children and quadrupled in adolescents. In 2012 more than one third of children in the United States were either overweight or obese. With obesity rates in children and adolescents continuing to grow, we need to educate ourselves to help lead a healthier lifestyle for our childre n. There are many things that can cause obesity from health problems to poorRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Low Diet And Lack Of Physical Exercise1132 Words   |  5 Pages Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is associated with a poor diet and lack of physical exercise. Determining the level of a healthy weight in children is calculated by using a growth chart, such as the standard growth chart developed by the Center for Disease Control. An accurate assessment is easily determined by measuring the weight and height of a child. Body Mass Index, or BMI, is also used to further determine a healthy weight for an individual. Once the determination is made byRead MorePrevent Childhood Obesity Research Paper1506 Words   |  7 PagesMcKillop ENG101.7414 6 February 2011 Research Paper Prevent Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is when a child is overweight and has or will have many serious health risks. Ji Li and Neal H. Hooker, in â€Å"Childhood Obesity and Schools,† explains that â€Å"childhood obesity is more than a problem in children; it is linked to adult obesity† (97). If a child is obese, she will stay obese in her adulthood. Helping children to stay healthy with the support of their parents and the school can prevent this problemRead MoreChildhood Obesity: A Growing Problem966 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood Obesity: A Growing Problem Did you know the parentage of overweight children and adolescents in the United States has nearly tripled since the early 1970s? Childhood obesity is a rising social problem in the United States and affects many Americans. There are many reasons why childhood obesity is a problem in our society which leads to long term consequences. A few of the consequences include heart disease, type 2 diabetes, asthma, sleep apnea, and social discrimination. All of theseRead MoreFactors Assocuated with an Increased Risk of Childhood Obesity1243 Words   |  5 Pagesare many reasons for childhood obesity, some of which is a lack of education with parents surrounding proper nutrition, the lack of exercise our children are getting, and sometimes the parents’ inability to buy the right food choice for their children. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, (CDC) childhood obesity is at a record high in the United States and is continuing to get worse. Some parent don’t believe that this is really an issue. Obesity among our children today has

John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men - 2167 Words

The Great Depression affected many Americans throughout the 1930s. Many people had no source of income and had no other choice but to travel and find new jobs. In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, George Milton and Lennie Small wander through California in search of a new job that would help them make enough money to live their American dream on â€Å"the fatta the lan’†(Steinbeck 14). George and Lennie’s hard work and determination is not enough for them to live their dream. Lennie has a mental disability that slows the two friends down from living their dream; they have to run from job to job because of Lennie’s unintentional actions. Steinbeck incorporates multiple literary devices in his fictional novel. He introduces the setting very early in the novel, as it is very confined. Steinbeck uses the third person point of view, both the limited and omniscient, throughout the entire novel. He introduces dynamic, round characters and static, flat characters, through the course of the novel, which significantly affect the plot and theme. Steinbeck implements the three types of irony: situational, verbal, and dramatic. The ironic situations lead to both external and internal conflicts among the characters. Steinbeck also maintains a sympathetic, honest tone and simple diction. He includes similes, metaphors, and personification. Steinbeck also utilizes foreshadowing and symbolism, both being major devices in Of Mice and Men. John Steinbeck is considered among the best, mostShow MoreRelatedJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1248 Words   |  5 PagesIn Steinbeck s novel Of Mice and Men, He uses imagery many times to create a realistic setting and plot. Steinbeck’s depiction of migrant workers and their daily complications during the depression are objectively precise due to his use of imagery with idioms, dreams, nature, loneliness and animal imagery. The main theme of the book transpires to be loneliness and fate. While George and Lennie, the main characters have a synergetic relationship, fate steps in and does away with their dreams, whichRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men897 Words   |  4 Pagesthat we possess. Many people feel certain emotions based on events that have taken place in their lifetime or how they were raised throughout their childhood. In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, he portrays the feelings of isolation and loneliness in three different characters. George’s isolation is illustrated in Steinbeck’s, Of Mice and Men. George expresses many hard feelings towards Lennie at the opening of this story. â€Å"‘...you’re a lot of trouble,’ said George. ‘I could get along so easy and soRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1243 Words   |  5 Pagesis what John Steinbeck achieves by portraying this through the characters in his novella Of Mice and Men. The main characters are affected by loneliness in their own different way throughout the novella. rf The loneliness is maintained by the challenges that the characters have to face, and they sustain those challenges of being inhumane towards each other. Crook, a figure in the story who experiences discrimination encounters the challenge of race, due to the book’s setting in the 1930’s duringRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1080 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I want you to stay with me Lennie. Jesus Christ, somebody’d shoot you for a coyote if you was by yourself.† The novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck shows the relationship between two migrant workers in the 1930s, George and Lennie, along with the other members on the new ranch that they began working on. Georgie and Lennie dreamed of following the American Dream and owning their own patch of land and the novel revolves around the dream and the obstacles that stand in their way. Lennie, a strongRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1286 Words   |  6 PagesThe realistic fiction novella O f Mice And Men by John Steinbeck explains the journey of two migrant farm workers. Lennie and George are forced to overcome the Dust Bowl and The Great Depression around 1938. This makes jobs even harder to come by because everyone wanted one. Lennie and George were kicked out of Weed and they now work at a ranch in Soledad. At the new farm the friendship between Lennie and George becomes harder to maintain. The people on the farm are all different shapes, sizes, andRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1360 Words   |  6 Pagesfeeling, thinking and acting in everyday life. In the story Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, a duo of farmers, George and Lennie, search for work wherever they can. Their dream of having a farm of their own is coming into reach, while George has to wield Lennie away from the temptation of Curley’s wife and the reality of what Lennie can do. John Steinbeck uses characterization to illustrate the nature of human existence. Steinbeck portrays George as a man who tries to help, and helps others soRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1448 Words   |  6 Pages In the novella, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck discusses the idea of loneliness and how people who work at the ranch have no family and no future in lives. He indicates that all people at the ranch are lonely, but he specifically uses a few characters to highlight their state of being lonely and more miserable than the others. He emphasizes the loneliness of ranch life during the Great Depression, and shows how people are willing to try and find friendship in order to escape from the state ofRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1205 Words   |  5 Pagesand the time period of John Steinbeck s novella, Of Mice and Men, exemplifies the idea that people from minorities are held back from achieving their version of the ‘American Dream’. This goes to prove not everyone will overcome the overbearing tidal waves of their hardship s, which makes the American Dream nothing more than a dream to them. Crooks, the black stable hand, faces discrimination due to his skin color as this unfortunately was common in the 1930’s. John Steinbeck uses Crooks’ situationRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men968 Words   |  4 PagesSolidifying the theme of John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, the protagonist George expresses his significant loneliness despite a strong kinship with his friend Lennie, â€Å"’I ain’t got no people†¦ I seen the guys that go around the ranches alone. That ain’t no good’† (41). Published in 1937, amidst the horrific turmoil of the Great Depression, Steinbeck’s novella struck a sensitive chord with readers. Set in the heart of California’s Central Valley, this story follows two men, George and Lennie, as theyRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1387 Words   |  6 Pageslanguage. Soledad is also town in which Of Mice Men takes place. The entire novel displays the idea of solitude. Alon g with the presence of loneliness in this story, John Steinbeck also ties in the idea of companionship through the everyday lives of individuals. The correlation of loneliness and companionship in the lives of these characters, along with the diversion of lifestyles consistently shows. Of all the many themes of the book, Of Mice and Men, the most important theme is the theme of loneliness

Enlightment The Age of Reasoning - 919 Words

Introduction The Enlightenment, or the Age of Reason, was a period of great intellectual ferment that stirred up scientific discoveries and new belief systems which shifted paradigms in Europe. It was a logical continuation following on the heels of the Renaissance that saw a revival in the arts. During the Enlightenment, knowledge was created through explorations both geographical and scientific, and subsequently dispersed via a print revolution. A virtuous cycle was formed when enhanced accessibility to knowledge raised literacy and greater literacy led to more innovations and discoveries. The religious and social zeitgeist faced challenges from this uprising of new ideas and mindsets, resulting in an incubation of a growing unease between enlightenment thinking and the concept of strictures and empires. Being men of reason, questions of morality of slavery and colonization surfaced, but they could not be answered satisfactorily. Europeans, as a result of the Enlightenment, viewed the world through a less religious but more scientific lens, and viewed other cultures with greater empathy and understanding while they introspected on the justifications of their empires. Dispersion of New and Scientific Discoveries that De-mystified Religion Trade intensified throughout the seventeenth century, and the narcotic cocktail of tea, coffee and sugar surged in popularity. The first coffeehouse in London opened in 1652, with 500 more opening within 60 years. TheseShow MoreRelatedThe Growth And Transformation Of A Continent1811 Words   |  8 Pagespaper discusses Europe’s political, social, economic, and especially religious developments of the 15th and 16th centuries, the formation of England during the reign of Elizabeth 1, Luther’s reformed Christianity, scientific revolution, and the enlightment in Europe and the United States. It focuses particularly on the northern Renaissance and the independent lay and clerical efforts to reform religious practice. It then assesses the effect of the reformation on society, religion, and education. HowRead MoreThe Theories Of The Social Contract Theory1008 Words   |  5 PagesHobbes, Locke, or Rousseau, organized society is brought into being and invested with the right to secure mutual protection and welfare or to regulate the relations among its members. The social contract theory or model was originated during the age of enlightment. Social contract arguments typically posit that individuals have consented, either explicitly or tacitly to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of the ruler or magistrate (or to the decision of a majority), in exchangeRead MoreReflections of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates1432 Words   |  6 Pages1981 Apple commercial and referenced the `Welcome IBM. Seriously.` Wall Street Journal ad. In them he proclaims Apple to be the leader of a new era ` increasing social capital by enhancing individual productivity`1; the birth of the personal computer age. It compares IBM, their major competitor to a mind controlled robot army unable of original thought. In the Pirates flags scene in the film, when Microsoft visits Apple for a RD session, Steve thought he was too clever to be tricked or stolen fromRead MoreThe Nature of Emotions1244 Words   |  5 Pagesencouraged exploration of feelings and many poets used nature as an inspiration for their thoughts. Another important aspect was the idea of intuition over reason. Many artists during the Romantic period sought to create art that relied on untaught reasoning instead of rationalization. These artists believed that through intuition and emotion genuine art was made. The Romantic Movement affirms that only by returning to nature and immagination can one find true expression for emotions. The RomanticRead More History of Psychology Essay2242 Words   |  9 Pagesourselves what’s behind what we see, we are more likely to think nothing of it because according to today’s society what we don’t see is useless. Even though life is still divine, the power of Gods and Goddesses are in decline it’s all about reasoning. The development of maps, diagrams, formulas and observations take place. Here we move on to the works of Socrates and Plato. Before Socrates, the right and left brain hemisphere still went hand in hand but after Socrates rationalism takes over.Read MoreThe Science behind War1970 Words   |  8 Pagesgives you the urge to do something in that quarter of a second between the event and the response. This at the same time causes increases blood flow to the frontal lobe, that part of the brain is over the left eye, this area controls reasoning. The blood flow and reasoning balance each other out, this is what makes you think twice before throwing something or hurting somebody. Our brains when angered quickly translates complex information into simple â€Å"right† or â€Å"wrong† terms. Evolution is the key

Pericles The Golden Ruler - 893 Words

The Golden Ruler â€Å"God mixed gold in the composition of those of you who are qualified to govern; in those fitted to be guardians he mixed silver; and in the farmers and artisans he mixed baser metals† (Plato 1). Philosopher and author of The Republic, Plato classified men and women based on three categories. These categories were separated by working classes--workers were in the baser metal category, soldier-guardians were in the silver category, and the elite philosopher-rulers were in the gold category. Also, Plato stated that to be a man of gold, one must possess the traits of wisdom, courage, and self-control. Pericles, a vital factor in Athenian’s success during the beginning of the Peloponnesian War, was placed into said gold category due to his ability to lead and possession of these traits. Furthermore, Plato declared that when a city was under the leadership of one in the baser metal category, the city would decline. Creon, an unsuccessful ruler, would fit into the baser metal category as Thebes of Ancient Greece perished under his command. Plato’s definition of a just leader, one who exhibits the traits of wisdom, courage, and self-control, did wholly apply to Pericles, whereas Creon did not have the traits of wisdom and self-control, although possessing the trait of courage. At a time of war, Pericles’s characteristics of wisdom, courage, and self-control were able to maintain order in Athens. His wisdom throughout his reign was mostly displayed by his talent ofShow MoreRelatedGreece : The Birthplace Of Democracy1600 Words   |  7 Pagesour tyrant, for which he prays (PLF. no. 70). This passionate opinion shows that Athenians did not immediately label a tyrant as someone who was brutal or paranoid. But rather, they gave their ruler a chance to demonstrate his leadership abilities and then they determined whether or not he was a fit ruler for their city-state. 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Us/101 Introduction to University Studies Free Essays

US/101 Introduction to University Studies Policies and Resources Quiz #2 1) If the University servers are down, how will you ensure your assignments are submitted on time? a. Send a copy of the assignment to your inbox or alternate email address as proof that I have attempted to post the assignment on time. In my email, I must state that I was unable to connect to the University of Phoenix server. We will write a custom essay sample on Us/101 Introduction to University Studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now I must then upload the assignment via the Assignments Link at my earliest opportunity. ) What is expected of students relative to the professionalism (formatting, spelling, proofreading, meeting assignment word-count, etc. ) of their work? b. All work is expected to be professionally presented; all written assignments must be carefully proofread and spell-checked before submitting. All assignments are to be submitted as MS Word documents, Writing in complete sentences. Ensuring that topic sentences are used to organize the document content. Adjusting margins and columns, so the document fits on the page (left to right) when viewed at 100%. Using a black, standard font face and size, either Times New Roman 12pt or Arial 12pt. The word count guideline is usually given as a range of 150 to 300 words. 3) What resources are available to help students with writing, formatting standards, grammar, punctuation, etc.? c. The Center for Writing Excellence is available to help me with writing, formatting standards, grammar and punctuation. 4) What are the most important points brought out in the University’s Policies regarding Academic Integrity? d. I am required to post a signed copy of the Certificate of Originality available in our Course Materials forum for all written assignments. The University places a high priority on maintaining Academic Integrity and ensuring that proper credit is being given for others’ words and ideas used in the development of my written assignments if an idea or words did not come from my own brain, then those are the ideas of others and they must be cited and referenced. This includes information taken from the textbook. No more than 15% of my written work, whether copied, quoted or paraphrased, should be taken from outside sources at any time 5) What must students do to ensure they are in attendance each week? e. Complete discussions questions and participate in class. My participation is graded separately from my discussion question responses to the initial three out of five discussion questions. Participation is graded on the total number of substantive responses you make to your classmates and whether or not at least 2 substantive responses were posted on each of 4 different days of the week. How to cite Us/101 Introduction to University Studies, Essay examples

Entrepreneurship and Economic Development †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship and Economic Development. Answer: Introduction: The five driving force for undertaking the effective entrepreneurship business is based on the self correctional methods through which the lacks can be identified and controlled according to the requirements of the organization. I have enumerated certain weaknesses by undertaking the personality test that is required to be arranged in order to make significant progress in the process of the business. The most important consideration that I observed during the test is based on the habits and outlook that I possess determines the driving force for the organization. The test portrayed that there are issues in certain approaches that might affect the productivity of the organization. The issues are being arranged according to the findings for the better understanding of the modifications hat are required to be brought. Issue questionnaire Solutions How is autonomy important Autonomy helps in the proper management of the functions of the enterprise. Therefore, every entrepreneur makes use of the autonomy in order to take the correct decisions for the organization (Morris, 2015). How to improve the achievement quotient? The achievement quotient of the organization can be improved through the improvements in the decision-making and the correct form of goal and the implementation of the strategies. Is risk taking an important factor? Risk taking is an important factor as it helps the organization in exploring new horizons and cultures, which helps in the progress of the organization (Santos, 2012). How controlling skills can be enhanced? Controlling the skills can be enhanced through the methods of proper monitoring over the skills and the services that are being provided. How can creativity help in the progress? Creativity helps in bringing in innovations. Innovations helps the organization to stand out to be unique in its approach. Based on the report that is being formulated, the personality trait that I have received lags on the need for autonomy to a greater extent (refer to appendice 1). Need for autonomy helps the entrepreneur in maintaining the organizational standards depending on the requirements of the organization. it helps the entrepreneur in taking the decisions for the organization freely. A lower rate of the autonomy, as I have received in the test, portrays that I depend on the external sources to take the organizational decisions that might affect the progress of the organization. On the other hand, the risk taking and the controlling factors that forms an integral part of the job is being affected due to the lack of autonomous control over the organization. Therefore, in order to make significant progress, I must modify the outlook and possibly try to take decisions not depending on the external sources. Creativity is again another factor on which I have received high points. Creativity will he lp in bringing in innovation in the organization and thereby make the significant progress. The scored personality type, which I have received, is the Thinker based on the assessment of the creativity. Creativity helps in bringing about innovation in the business and therefore it is an important aspect that must be considered by the entrepreneur. Creativity helps the business in innovating the new trends and the technologies and thereby helps in sustaining the enterprise largely. The personality will be helping me in making considerable advancements in the business because of my idealism and the new approaches that I would be able to forecast. The personality that I have received through the test correlates to the characteristics of my inbuilt personality. It has helped me in taking up ideas and making them useful depending on the needs of the business I am into. I am the Hipster of the team as I can not only motivate the team through my activities but also make use of the ideas in order to make the processes simpler for my people to work on. The thinker always helps the team with the new possibilities and the traits. Therefore, the most important consideration I undertake is to motivate my team through the ideas of improvement in the processes and by simplifying the work of my team. The most important consideration that is being undertaken in order to make use of the person who have influenced me the most is the life and the achievements of Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson. Richard is a business magnate, an entrepreneur who founded the Virgin group of companies. It is through the hard work and the entrepreneurial management that the person has secured such high position in the market. The most important determinant of his success is based on his vision (Fayolle, 2013). The person was having a vision from his early age of becoming an entrepreneur himself and therefore it is the prime target since his boyhood days. Effective leadership and management of the ideas is an important consideration that determines the abilities of the management system they are into (Kelley, Singer Herrington, 2012). The most significant factors that affect the business of this man is based on the principles of entrepreneurship. The business is the sole motive of the man and the only thing that is considered to be living is the autonomous culture of the industry and the management of the functions (Fisher, 2012). The main objective of Sir Richard, according to himself, is to set himself in the highest position of the business. The proper integration of the activities and the functions of management and the risks that the entrepreneur took to rise is an important consideration that must be undertaken while discussing on him (Schaper et al., 2014). The major aspect that helps in the process of the undertaking effective management is based on the criteria of the success that is being enjoyed by the man (Gedajlovic et al., 2013). The main philosophy of the business that the man has inherited is based on the sustenance of the business he is into and thereby it is important in signifying the needs of t he business. The mindset of the entrepreneur largely affects the business as the mindset helps in setting the goals and the objectives of the firm and thereby makes probable success in achieving the common goal of the firms (Carland Carland, 2015). On the other hand, the market and the other factors helps in determining the availability of the organization. it helps ion making a significant ,progress in the processes. According to the Davidsons model proper integration of the factors helps in determining the effectiveness of the entrepreneurship that the person undertakes. I have chosen this entrepreneur, as my inspiration as the entrepreneurship skills that is being administered by the person is more sufficing. The most important consideration that is being undertaken by the person is based on the goals that the person have set in order to make significant progress in his organizations and the group of companies that falls under his owned system. The autonomous design of his decision-making has been the most compelling of the inspirations that justifies the cause as to why I did choose him. According to me, the leadership styles that have been portrayed by this personality is more influencing in order to bring about significant changes in my organizational structure and the autonomous decision-making. The ships that are being manufactured by the entrepreneur Sir Richard is the mostly important consideration on which I would like to focus as of now. It seems to be the most interesting part of the discussion as this new launch has made the entrepreneur even more famous (Burrows, 2015). His line of cruises named Virgin Voyages has made significant promotions in the market, which have helped the company in attaining the attention of the mass consumers. The most important consideration relating to the topic is based on the innate features o the cruise and the facilities that the cruise offers (Madhok Keyhani, 2012). The cruise is made for the adults and there are no other specifications made as per the services that shall be provided within the cruise. It can be simply a promotional way through which the entrepreneur seeks to invite the consumers worldwide to come and enjoy the comfort of the cruise (Bosma et al., 2012). It is a measure that helps in the making of the promotion more e ffectively depending on the requirements of the services that are being provided by the cruise. The mission and the vision of making the ship available to all is based on the vision of making the service available to all the desiring and potential consumers. The company offers a strong competition to its competitors by making use of the processes to the fullest possible ways (Onetti et al., 2012). The employee retention rate of the company is based on the remuneration that the company provides to its workforce (Drucker, 2014). Therefore, retention in the rate of the employees might help in the understanding of the companys situation. The company and the return on the investments that the company earns base the rate of retention of the employees on the revenue that is being created. Therefore, in order to determine the rate of retention of the employees the company must make use of the resources and make considerable returns on the investment (Bhachu, 2017). The concerned company for this discussion has a higher rate of retention of the employees, which states that the company is making a good place in the market. The market structure of the company and the competitors that the company faces is an important consideration that must be undertaken by the company in order to progress. The concerned company have designed the product and restrained the services in order to make the m arket more competitive. I chose this company and this enterprise because according to me, the situation of the company is based on the decisions that are being taken by the entrepreneur of the company (Kuratko, 2016). The most important aspect of taking this company is based on the criteria of the critical success factors that are being faced by the organization. the autonomous control of the organization and the integration between the internal and the external departments helps in determining the limits of the company in making its progress in the market (Landstrm, Harirchi strm, 2012). The owner of the company is the reason why I chose this company. the owner is an experienced person with exceptional insight and the ability to forecast the future (Abu-Saifan, 2012). Forecasting the future of any organization helps in making the significant progress through the involvement of the goals that are to be achieved through the proper integration of the internal and the external departments. I feel that the ide as can be incorporated in my company in order to make the significant progress. Therefore, I chose this company in order to refer to the success factors and the tendencies taken by the company in order to sustain themselves in the market (Baum, Frese Baron, 2014). The business model canvas of the company helps in determining the market condition of the company and at the same time determines the customer expectations and the stakeholders approach of the company. It helps in not only understanding the companys SWOT but also to identify the suppliers and the benefactors of the company. The most important consideration undertaken by the company is based on the requirements of the consumers and the companys actions based on the requirements therein (Barringer, 2012). I have enumerated a business model canvas for the company I have chosen as my inspiration, Virgin Voyage. The canvas shall justify the reason as to why I am so much enchanted with the companys progress. The progress of the company is based on the several factors that the company undertakes in order to retain the employees and the consumers at the same time (Refer to appendix 2). The steps taken by the company is based on the requirements of the clients and therefore adhering to the requirements, the company formulated the services (Bridge O'Neill, 2012). The suppliers of the company are mainly based on the companys requirements of the raw materials and the foods and beverages that the company requires during the production and the execution process of their services. The company aims at retaining the consumers and thereby retains the consumer loyalty towards the organization (Audretsch, 2012). On the other hand, the services that are being provided by the company is based on the requirements of the consumers and therefore customer satisfaction is the basic objective of the company in this context. the service orientation of the company helps he company in retaining the consumers of the company and therefore helps in retaining the market of the company (Moroz Hindle, 2012). The cost structure of the company is again based on the subjective nature of the costs that are being undertaken by the company in order to render the services that both retains and satisfies the consumers of their demand. The section of the discussion will also uphold the SWOT analysis of the company in order to make considerable advancements in the competitive market. It determines the situation of the company in the present day market structure therefore it helps ion instilling an insight of the companys weaknesses or discusses the opportunities of its growth at the same time (refer to appendice 3). The strengths of the company can be enumerated as the satisfaction of the consumers through the services that are being provided by the organization. The most important criteria that helps the organization in its progress is the customer oriented approach that the company holds. The approach helps in retaining the consumers and making considerable progress in the field of their expertise. The unique kind of cruise manufactured by the company that provides the consumers with the expected comfort is again an important consideration. The competitive pricing strategy of the organization helps the organizatio n to prosper outnumbering the competitors in the market. The weaknesses of the company can be enumerated as the one major factor that restricts the use of the services by a certain section of the society. the cruise, according to the management of the organization is to be used by the adults only (Acs, Autio Szerb, 2014). The clause have restricted the use of the services to a certain section which might affect the consumer retention (Miller et al., 2012). The target consumers for the services are being enumerated as the elite class of people looking for a ride on the sea. The problem lies in the fact that the consumers or the couples bearing a child cannot take the services that are being offered by the organization. Therefore, it restricts the product or the service offering to a limited range of people. It can be taken as one of the major weaknesses that the company might face, as the competitors in the market, who have not narrowed the scope might get hold of the market that the concerned company might lose (Martin, McNally Kay, 2013 ). Opportunities that the company has got is the expansion of its services beyond the restricted boundaries of the nation. Breaking the borders help the company in finding consumers that are looking for just the services that the company is rendering. The most important consideration that the company must undertake in order to make use of the resources is based on the criteria of the service that the company is aiming at providing to the people. The threats faced by the company are based on the competition that the company faces in the market. The quality of the services that are being provided by the company is an important consideration that the company undertakes in order to understand the important aspects of the retention of the consumers (Naud, 2013). Monitoring over the quality and the quantity of the services that are being provided to the clients helps the company in making the significant progress in the market (Kirzner, 2015). According to the Blue Ocean strategies that are being undertaken in order to understand the necessary steps the company is required to take steps in order to differentiate the products and the services delivered by them and their competitors (Kiss, Danis Cavusgil, 2012). The Blue Ocean strategies denote that the company differentiates between the products and the prices at which they are available between the companies in order to determine the best option that is being taken by the consumers (Koellinger Roy Thurik, 2012). The most important consideration undertaken by the concerned company is the competitive pricing strategy it has. It assures the company with a competitive advantage over the other companies in the market. The study of the situation of the company and the example of the famous entrepreneur in the discussion has helped me in understanding the roles played by the entrepreneur in managing the operations of the organization (Storey, 2016). Creativity and intellect plays a major role in the process, but the most used criteria of the entrepreneurship is based on the autonomous control over the organization. The correct forms of decision that is being taken by the organizations help in making the significant progress depending on the requirements of the organization and its target consumers (McKenzie Woodruff, 2013). The most important criteria that facilitates the kind of strategic planning is the intellect and therefore I have received a lot through the study of the operations of the selected organization, and I look forward to implement the modifications in order to undertake enhancements in the organization level. The organizational behavior that is being portrayed in the study and the o rganizations success based on the principles of motivation and management of the entrepreneurs is an important consideration, which I have observed. The changes that I have observed in the days is being based on the study that was undertaken so long. It is to make sure that the decisions of the organization, I am into, is been taken autonomously. The discretion in the risk taking factors that I previously used to avoid is no more an issue that restricts my decisions. The changes have been huge as the entrepreneur, his struggle to become the entrepreneur since his boyhood days influenced me, and now I feel I too can take some decisions in order to make the processes more simplified and engaged. References Abu-Saifan, S. (2012). Social entrepreneurship: definition and boundaries.Technology Innovation Management Review,2(2). Acs, Z. J., Autio, E., Szerb, L. (2014). National systems of entrepreneurship: Measurement issues and policy implications.Research Policy,43(3), 476-494. Audretsch, D. (2012). Entrepreneurship research.Management Decision,50(5), 755-764. Barringer, B. (2012).Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Ventures, (2012). Baum, J. R., Frese, M., Baron, R. A. (Eds.). (2014).The psychology of entrepreneurship. Psychology Press. Bhachu, P. (Ed.). (2017).Immigration and entrepreneurship: culture, capital, and ethnic networks. Routledge. Bosma, N., Hessels, J., Schutjens, V., Van Praag, M., Verheul, I. (2012). Entrepreneurship and role models.Journal of Economic Psychology,33(2), 410-424. Bridge, S., O'Neill, K. (2012).Understanding enterprise: entrepreneurship and small business. Palgrave Macmillan. Burrows, R. (Ed.). (2015).Deciphering the Enterprise Culture (Routledge Revivals): Entrepreneurship, Petty Capitalism and the Restructuring of Britain. Routledge. Carland, J. W., Carland, J. C. (2015). A model of potential entrepreneurship: Profiles and educational implications.Journal of Small Business Strategy,8(1), 1-14. Chaston, I. (2017). Entrepreneurship. InTechnological Entrepreneurship(pp. 1-24). Springer International Publishing. Drucker, P. (2014).Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Fayolle, A. (2013). Personal views on the future of entrepreneurship education.Entrepreneurship Regional Development,25(7-8), 692-701. Fisher, G. (2012). Effectuation, causation, and bricolage: A behavioral comparison of emerging theories in entrepreneurship research.Entrepreneurship theory and practice,36(5), 1019-1051. Gedajlovic, E., Honig, B., Moore, C. B., Payne, G. T., Wright, M. (2013). Social capital and entrepreneurship: A schema and research agenda.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,37(3), 455-478. Kelley, D. J., Singer, S., Herrington, M. (2012). The global entrepreneurship monitor.2011 Global Report, GEM 2011,7. Kirzner, I. M. (2015).Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Kiss, A. N., Danis, W. M., Cavusgil, S. T. (2012). International entrepreneurship research in emerging economies: A critical review and research agenda.Journal of Business Venturing,27(2), 266-290. Koellinger, P. D., Roy Thurik, A. (2012). Entrepreneurship and the business cycle.Review of Economics and Statistics,94(4), 1143-1156. Kuratko, D. F. (2016).Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Cengage Learning. Landstrm, H., Harirchi, G., strm, F. (2012). Entrepreneurship: Exploring the knowledge base.Research Policy,41(7), 1154-1181. Madhok, A., Keyhani, M. (2012). Acquisitions as entrepreneurship: asymmetries, opportunities, and the internationalization of multinationals from emerging economies.Global Strategy Journal,2(1), 26-40. Martin, B. C., McNally, J. J., Kay, M. J. (2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes.Journal of Business Venturing,28(2), 211-224. McKenzie, D., Woodruff, C. (2013). What are we learning from business training and entrepreneurship evaluations around the developing world?.The World Bank Research Observer,29(1), 48-82. Miller, T. L., Grimes, M. G., McMullen, J. S., Vogus, T. J. (2012). Venturing for others with heart and head: How compassion encourages social entrepreneurship.Academy of management review,37(4), 616-640. Moroz, P. W., Hindle, K. (2012). Entrepreneurship as a process: Toward harmonizing multiple perspectives.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,36(4), 781-818. Morris, M. H. (2015). Entrepreneurship as Experience.Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Naud, W. (2013). Entrepreneurship and economic development: Theory, evidence and policy.Browser Download This Paper. Onetti, A., Zucchella, A., Jones, M. V., McDougall-Covin, P. P. (2012). Internationalization, innovation and entrepreneurship: business models for new technology-based firms.Journal of Management Governance,16(3), 337-368. Santos, F. M. (2012). A positive theory of social entrepreneurship.Journal of business ethics,111(3), 335-351. Schaper, M. T., Volery, T., Weber, P. C., Gibson, B. (2014).Entrepreneurship and small business. Storey, D. J. (Ed.). (2016).Entrepreneurship and new firm. Routledge.

Response To Millennial Cults Essay Example For Students

Response To Millennial Cults Essay Two themes I found throughout these essays included the views of the cults towards society as a whole and views pertaining to governmental tyranny. The Millennial attitudes of all these groups focus on catastrophic occurrences and how they can survive in the oncoming new world. The two themes of social and government evil evoking the new world seem intertwined in many of the cults. However, I find an example of cultural blame being the underlying factor of groups/cults such as those described in Millenarians ; Violence, The case of the Christian Identity Movement to particularly attribute the evils of the world to the Jews. Although these groups criticize government and believe it to be satanic, I do not believe this criticism is valid for it is based on their theory of Zog. Instead of representing government as the problem, they refer to some underlying controlling group of Jews known as the Zionist Occupation Government. This fact enables me to regard their oncoming apocalypse due to governments evil tyranny because they are basing it on a racial presumption. Therefore, I contend these groups base their beliefs of Millenialism on the sole fact that Jews and non-whites are the ultimate evil that must be fought in the tribulation. For this reason I find the ir blame or reason for Millenialism to be founded on social/racial factors. These groups focus on a war between good and evil, which breaks down to white/good and Jew, non-white/evil. These beliefs lead many of these groups to a militant sort of lifestyle focusing on withdrawal from society and a self-sufficient focus. With the oncoming tribulation at hand, they stockpile weapons and food, as well as other amenities, in order to battle with the evil forces around them until judgement day cometh and they can be saved by the return of Jesus and join him in the new Utopian world of 1,000 years of peace following the Rapture. The more prominent blame of government tyranny evoking apocalypse that I found throughout the essays is a theme I believe in. However, I find these cults to be somewhat psychotic in their views and beliefs. For instance, peoples such as the Branch Dividians, I see no harm in letting these small groups build a commune and shelter themselves from the norms of American life. After all, I see everything they did as the American way (Im not saying morally I agree with all of their actions), for the most part they wanted to practice their beliefs in a small community. Collecting weapons is a constitutional right given to us in order to keep government in check, yet it was the main reason our government preyed upon these people, leading to the fulfillment of Koreshs prophecy. Here was an example of a cult who believed the Babylonian power of U.S. government wanted to take over the world by force and institute a slave like world socialistic government. Koresh, for them, seemed to decipher Re velation scripture explaining the seven seals, and had them believing Armaggedon was at hand and they must battle the evil Babylonians in the cosmic struggle of good and evil. This battle would bring Gods Kingdom to earth and even in death they would be saved, for they will sit righteously in the eyes of God. With these apocalyptic beliefs it is no wonder why these otherwise peaceful people reacted in the way they did, defending their righteous sanctuary in the eyes of their God, against the evil Babylonian empire. Government as the underlying theme of apocalypse in this cult, turned out to be a fulfilled prophecy in the eyes of the Branch Dividians. All of the essays focused on catastrophic occurrences in the new world and how to prepare for survival. Some thought eternal spiritual existence was the answer, such as the Solar Temple cult. They seemed to participate in a mass suicide ritual believing their internal energys would transcend into a new, better world. Other cults like the Aum Shinrikyo developed a system of becoming self-sufficient in all areas; from education to medicine, and priesthood to science/technology. This group sought survival by extending survivalism to areas most survivalists do not focus on. .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404 , .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404 .postImageUrl , .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404 , .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404:hover , .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404:visited , .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404:active { border:0!important; } .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404:active , .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404 .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud106c5a6a0029a4444d8cc466cead404:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Record Keeping Violation : OshaIn the extent of survivalism and government tyranny, I agreed with some of the groups mentioned, mostly that of the Soldiers of Fortune. I agree in so far as being prepared for the fall of industrial society and /or governmental oppression. Where I differ with all of these groups is the fact that each and every one of them seem to single out peoples based on race or religious backgrounds and place blame on these groups of individuals; whereas, my blame is on those who believe they are better than others as well as those people who believe their claims to this world/land are greater than anyone elses. Religion Essays

Achilles And The Honor Code Essays - Trojans, Achilles,

Achilles and the Honor Code Achilles is a tragic figure who believes strongly in social order, but questions the idea of fighting for glory. When Aias and Odysseus are sent by Agamemnon to plead with Achilles' to fight for the Greeks, Achilles denies them, saying "There was no gratitude given for fighting incessantly forever against your enemies. Fate is the same for the man who holds back, the same if he fights hard" (9:316). This statement shows that Achilles is an individual, and does not conform to the ideas of the others. Achilles is portrayed as a fatalist, believing that there is no point in fighting, because the end is the same for everyone. In book nine, when Agamemnon admits he is wrong and offers gifts, Achilles still refuses to join his army in battle. He does not see Agamemnon's gifts as a reconciliation attempt, but rather as an insult. Achilles believes that Agamemnon's offerings are selfish and boastful, and he denies them to in order to show Agamemnon that his loyalty cannot be bought. Later in the poem, Achilles revenges Patroklos' death by killing Hector. It is customary and proper to return a dead body to its home so it can be given a proper burial, and it is against the code of honor to perform acts of excessive cruelty. Achilles is so distraught by his friends' death that he contradicts both of these conditions. First, he refuses to return Hector's body to the Trojans, and then proceeds to drag it behind his carriage by the ankles. Achilles' deliberate mutilation of Hector's body shows the reader that he does not hold the code of honor in high regard.

Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris Are the Toolbox Killers

Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris Are the Toolbox Killers In late October 1979, California authorities were busy hunting down and capturing The Hillside Strangler, Angelo Buono. In the meantime, two more barbaric killers had teamed up to fulfill a prison time fantasy - to kidnap, rape, torture and kill a girl for each teenage year. For two months, the duo hunted roads and beaches, looking for victims who  matched their demented fantasy. They almost met their goal, killing five young girls, ages ranging between 13 to 18. This is their story. Bittaker and Norris Meet In 1978, Lawrence Sigmund Bittaker, age 38, and Roy L. Norris, age 30, met while in the California State Prison at San Luis Obispo. Norris was labeled as a mentally disordered sex offender and previously spent four years at a state mental institution. Once released, he raped again and returned to prison. Bittaker spent most of his adult life behind bars for various offenses. As their friendship grew, so did their fantasies of raping and murdering teenage girls. The Murder Mack After their release from prison, they paired up, transformed Bittakers 1977 GMC van into what they nicknamed, Murder Mack, and began their kidnap, torture and killing spree of young girls. As is characteristic of psychopaths, the pain inflicted on their victims grew more vicious with each new captive. Cindy Schaeffer On June 24, 1979, in Redondo Beach, Cindy Schaeffer, age 16, was walking to her grandmother’s house after attending a church program. Bittaker and Norris pulled up next to her in the Murder Mack and tried to entice her to go for a ride. Her attempts to ignore the two failed. She was forced into the van and taken to a pre-selected spot in the mountains. There she was tortured and denied her requests to pray before the two beat and strangled her to death with wire coat hangers. Andrea Hall On July 8, 1979, the duo went hunting for their second victim and found 18-year-old Andrea Hall hitchhiking on the Pacific Coast Highway. With Bittaker hiding in the back, Norris stopped and offered Hall a ride. Within minutes after she entered the van, Bittaker attacked, raped and took pictures of her bound and in fear. As if playing a game, Bittaker then asked why she should be allowed to live. Not liking her answer, he stabbed her in the ear with an ice pick and choked her to death. Jackie Gilliam and Jacqueline Lamp On Sept.  3, 1979, the murderous pair picked up their youngest victims from a bus stop at Hermosa Beach. Jackie Gilliam, 15, and Jacqueline Lamp, 13, were kidnapped and taken to the mountain location where they were raped and tortured for two days. As with Hall, both girls were stabbed in each ear with an ice pick, their small bodies viciously attacked with vice grips, then strangled to death with coat hangers tightened with pliers. Lynette Ledford The killers last known victim was killed on Oct. 31, 1979. Sixteen-year-old Lynette Ledford was kidnapped and her body mutilated. The young girl was stabbed numerous times, and with pliers, Bittaker ripped at her body. During her torture, her screams and pleas were tape-recorded as Bittaker repeatedly beat the young girls elbows with a sledgehammer, all the time demanding that she not stop screaming. In the end, the pair strangled her with a coat hanger. For fun the pair decided to leave Ledfords brutalized corpse on the lawn of a suburban home in Hermosa Beach, just to see the reaction of the media. The Hillside Strangler, Angelo Buono, had been caught just a few days before the discovery of Lynette Ledfords body, although authorities were not swayed into identifying her killer as Buono. Captured Norris was the murderous pairs downfall. He bragged to an old prison friend about his crime spree. The friend tipped off police, and the story sounded much like that of the victim, Shirley Sanders. On September 30, Shirley Sanders managed to escape from two men who used chemical mace on her, then raped her inside a van. Police interviewed her again, this time armed with pictures, and Sanders was able to identify the van and Norris and Bittaker as her attackers. Norris Points the Finger at Bittaker The two were arrested for unrelated crimes and held without bail for violating their probations. During an interrogation, Norris began admitting details about the pairs murderous activities, and he pointed the finger at Bittaker for being the one who killed their victims. 500 Photos - 19 Missing Girls Norris worked out a deal with authorities in exchange for his testimony against Bittaker, as well as showing police where they hid the bodies of their victims. Overall, police found over 500 photos of teenaged girls, 19 of which were listed as missing. But Norris clammed up and would only tell investigators what happened to five of the 19 missing girls. The Sentencing During Bittakers and Norris trial, the disturbing pictures of their crimes and the tape-recording of Lynette Ledfords final painful hours were shared with the jury. The impact was substantial. Bittaker was sentenced to death, and the judge included an extra 199-year life sentence just in case his death sentence was ever commuted to life. Norris was given 45 years to life for his cooperation in the investigation. In 2009, Norris was denied parole for an additional 10 years. Sources Couples Who Kill by Carol Anne Davis

History of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of China - Essay Example The examinations were graded in levels as discussed below; District level People who had passed the zau jyun si (district level exam) achieved the status of tong sheng and could sit the prefectural level exams. Those individuals were commoners and about 2% of the population had such qualifications. Prefectural level Successful candidates at this stage attained the Sang jyun degree and the most outstanding holders of this degree were awarded the gung sang degree and were the lower gentry. The exam was conducted twice after every three years by about 2% of the population. Level 2b Rich people within the government who were too lazy to study were allowed to buy a gaam sang degree in order to improve their social status, they became the lower gentry. Provincial level Those who passed the xiang shi were awarded the Geoi Jan degree and became members of the upper gentry.hey were done at the provincial capital every three years by about 0.0065% of the population. Metropolitan level Successf ul candidates at this stage were awarded the gong sheng degree and could immediately sit the din shi and be given the zeon si degree. They became the highest gentry and had rights to hold office although such positions were not guaranteed. Most of them worked as intermediaries between the government officials and the local peasants. This system was abolished in 1905 to adopt the science and technology based curricula practiced by the western nations. This set it apart from the Song Dynasty exam system that followed Confucian classical methods. Q2: Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty The Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty were both built around the same time i.e Qin around 221-208 BC and Chinese rulers’ controlled Han around 206BC-AD 220.Both Dynasties. Under this dynasties heir was no central political force in China and as such, the great nomad empires emerged such Liao and the great Mongol empires. Both tenures were characterized by ruthlessness and tyrannical demands on the peopl e to pay heavy taxes and compulsory labor. These dynasties were effective in the sense that, during these periods there was relative peace in China. However, they both had weak military forces and were easily overrun by the nomadic tribes of the north. Both the Sui and the Tang Dynasty rulers’ were part nomads. These rulers’ were non-Chinese but their reign was considered Chinese. Both regimes were very successful in terms of commerce as the Sui were able to connect Yellow and Yangtze (Grand Canal) eastward waterways starting from Beijing to Hangzhou, thereby enabling nationwide commerce to thrive especially under the more prosperous Tang Dynasty. In addition, both Dynasties occurred after the reign of the Six Dynasties i.e. Sui from 589-617 AD and Tang from 618-907 AD(Ebrey, Walthall & Palais 2009 p89). These Dynasties were effective in the sense that they had stronger military’s that helped re-unify China and that there was improvement in commerce in this peri ods. However, under these regimes the citizens suffered tyranny from the government in the form of forced labor and heavy taxes. in addition, the costly and often disastrous military escapades in Korea combined with corruption, disloyalty and assassinations led to popular revolts resulting in the overthrow of the Sui dynasty. Q3: Women in imperial China It is possible to understand the overreliance of women on their male relatives as pillars of their lives (Hinsch, 2002). This is clear in the book ‘The Soul of Chien-nu leaves her Body’. Since Chien-nu relies on her lover Wang Wen-chu to help drive away the fear, she runs up to the river in the hope of finding him (Lu, 1990 p91). As she sings, she mentions the fear that she can’

An investigation of public health responses to diabetes Essay

An investigation of public health responses to diabetes - Essay Example This results in increased amounts of sugar in the blood, causing complications usually involving the heart and kidneys. (Wikipedia, 2011) There are three main types of Diabetes. Type 1 Diabetes, or insulin-dependent diabetes, occurs when the pancreas fails to secrete insulin, thus the glucose taken in from food cannot be broken down. The result is a buildup of sugar in the blood that causes complications like kidney failure, retinopathy, heart failure, and hypertension. A patient with this condition requires artificial insulin to be injected regularly in order to control the blood sugar levels. Type 2 Diabetes, or non-insulin dependent diabetes, is similar. In this case, the pancreas is able to secrete small amounts insulin, but the body’s cells cannot receive it. The result is identical. The sugar builds up in the bloodstream, and causes the above complications. The third type is Gestational Diabetes. This occurs in pregnant women only. During pregnancy, the overworked body o f the mother is unable to secrete the excess insulin required, leading to increased blood sugar levels. Women with gestational diabetes are most likely to have large babies. Diabetes is caused by different factors. Obesity is a big predisposing factor. In obese persons, insulin is less able to facilitate the entry of glucose into the liver and adipose tissues. In addition, fat buildup presents a suitable environment for circulatory overload. As sugar builds up in the blood, the density and concentration gradient increases, making the blood thick and viscous. This prevents it from properly circulating around the body. And because the hands and feet are the furthest from the pump center, the heart, they receive the least amount of blood. Lack of nutrients from the blood kills the tissue surrounding the area. Eventually, the hand or food necrotizes, or dies, leaving amputation as the only solution. Not surprisingly, most amputees are a result of Diabetes Mellitus. Heredity also plays a big role. If one of your ancestors or family members had a health history of diabetes, you have more chances of acquiring it, and as you age these chances increase. In spite of all these, the principal factor is a sedentary lifestyle. When your body lacks enough exercise, the heart pumps less blood to the extremities, causing tissue death. (Black, 2001) Classic signs and symptoms of Diabetes are increased thirst, increased hunger, and frequent urination. The thirst occurs when the body mistakes the concentration of sugar in the blood for lack of water, thus it triggers the thirst center in the brain, causing the person to drink more water, which in turn causes him to urinate more. The hunger occurs because the cells cannot utilize the sugar and nutrients, causing them to â€Å"starve†. The body interprets this as lack of food; hence, the person eats more and more. Increase of blood sugar also affects the eyes. Absorption of glucose causes the lens to change shape, resulting in vision changes. The heart usually suffers the most. Because of an increased workload, the heart muscles grow, causing cardiomegaly. As this progresses, the heart, out of exhaustion and overwork, eventually gives up and stops pumping, causing heart failure, and death. Heart attacks are common in chronic high blood pressure. Kidney failure also occurs. The main job of the kidneys is to remove waste from the blood and return the cleaned blood back to the body. In diabetes, the high levels of sugar damage the nephrons, the

Competition in Indias Textile Industry

Competition in Indias Textile Industry Factors behind increasing competition in Indian textile industry and strategically approach to gain competitive advantage globally. BACKGROUND INFORMATION The textile industry plays a pivotal role in the Indian economy. The country has produced legends such as Dhaka muslin, which was woven so fine and light that it could pass through a finger ring. But what is significant today is that this sector contributes substantially in providing employment and earning foreign exchange. The country is rich in natural resources such as cotton, jute and silk. The textile industry is the second largest employer, after agriculture, with a total workforce of around 35 million. India is next only to China among the worlds largest producers of textiles and garments. The industry is the largest foreign exchange earner, as the import content is insignificant compared with those of other major export products. Its contribution in exports is nearly 20 per cent. How many of us know that 85 per cent of the handlooms in the world are produced in India? The number of handlooms in the country is four million. The activities in textiles range from the production of natural raw materials such as cotton, jute, silk and wool to the manufacture of quality products such as cellulose fibre, synthetic filament and spun yarn. This is, perhaps, the only industry that is self-reliant and complete in value addition — from raw materials to the highest value-added products (Warrier, 2007). The textile industry occupies a unique place in our country. One of the earliest to come into existence in India, it accounts for 14% of the total Industrial production, contributes to nearly 30% of the total exports and is the second largest employment generator after agriculture. Textile Industry is providing one of the most basic needs of people and the holds importance; maintaining sustained growth for improving quality of life. It has a unique position as a self-reliant industry, from the production of raw materials to the delivery of finished products, with substantial value-addition at each stage of processing; it is a major contribution to the countrys economy. Its vast potential for creation of employment opportunities in the agricultural, industrial, organised and decentralised sectors rural and urban areas, particularly for women and the disadvantaged is noteworthy (www.economywatch.com). Against all these merits, an expert’s lament goes: It is difficult to find such a large-scale industry in the country that is so disorganised as the Indian textile industry. The industry is often plagued by obsolescence, unhealthy regulations and problems of labour. This emphasises the need for strengthening the management mechanism in the industry, to face the emerging international challenges. Common sense administration has its in-built constraints in a world where scientific management decides the destiny of industries in the modern global scenario (Warrier, 2007). The textile industry in India will face intensified competition in both their export and domestic markets. However, the migration of textile capacity will be influenced by objective competitive factors and will be hampered by the presence of distorting domestic measures and weak domestic infrastructure in several developing and least developed countries (www.economywatch.com). The challenges from global competition demand a scientific approach from properly trained management professionals who have specialised in this sector. Sickness and inter-sector contradictions that are a bane of the industry have to be solved through a wise approach and well-calibrated steps, to ensure healthy growth. Managers who are trained in traditional management disciplines will take a long time to get themselves familiarised with the special problems of the textile scene. A strong and competent cadre of trained mangers will help the continuous upgrading of knowledge and skills, fulfilling the need for maintaining a cutting edge in the world of intense competition (Warrier, 2007). AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The proposed research intends to examine the increasing competition in Indian textile industry by focusing on the factors that have led to intense competition in the industry and formulate strategies that would help firms in the industry to gain competitive advantage at the global level. The key objectives of the research are identified as following: to identify the factors that have increased competition in Indian textile industry; to examine the nature of competition in Indian textile industry; to develop competitive strategy and provide recommendations to firms in Indian textile industry, so as to sustain the competitive edge in the global market. LITERATURE REVIEW Competitiveness: Definition Competitiveness is a widely used term and there are many definitions of it. The approach taken to competitiveness in this report is a pragmatic one, with the general idea that competitiveness means success in markets that translates into general increases in welfare(National Competitiveness Council Secretariat, 2006, p.1). The main concerns with respect to competitiveness arise from the developments of world markets. The main tendencies in international trade include rapid growth, globalisation, the growth of regional blocks, and the growth of foreign direct investment (National Competitiveness Council Secretariat, 2006). For the company, competitiveness is the ability to provide products and services as or more effectively and efficiently than the relevant competitors. In the traded sector, this means sustained success in international markets without protection or subsidies (Porter, 1990). Indias competitiveness Over a decade has passed since India embarked on liberalisation. There has been no dearth of fervent declarations affirming Indias determination to acquire the capabilities that will add to its competitiveness and enable it to be counted among other recognised global players (Gupta, 1998). However, has India been able to cash on inherent and acquired advantages in terms of competitiveness? Three different bodies assign three different grades to India: The 1999 World Competitiveness Year Book, compiled by the Switzerland-based International Institute for Management Development (IIMD), shows that Indias ranking in international competitiveness, evaluated by applying 287 criteria, has gone up by two points from being 41st out of 46 countries in 1998 to 39th out of 47 countries in 1999 (Nancy, 1999). The survey conducted by the Geneva-based World Economic Forum (WEF) for 1999 puts India in 53rd position of 59 countries in its Global Competitiveness Report, down from 50 in 1998, and 45 in 1997 and 1996. It uses 179 indicators under eight heads (openness, government, finance, infrastructure, technology, management, labour and civil institutions). The World Bank, which appraised the competitiveness 46 countries in 1999, places India in the 40th rank. In all these three evaluations, the rankings on certain specific parameters are more worrisome than the overall figures. Indias weakest areas in all the surveys include: uncertainty in government policies; infrastructural deficiencies; unsatisfactory corporate and financial management of both private and public sector enterprises; inept corporate boards; insufficient attention to human development; low productivity; undependable quality; inadequate customer orientation; and negligible investment on RD, with special reference to information technology. India is the fifth largest country in terms of gross national product (GNP) and purchasing power parity (PPP). It constitutes one of the fastest growing markets in the world and is counted among the richest with regard to cheap skilled labour, scientific and technological resources, and entrepreneurial talents. Therefore, the above image of India is quite enviable. To improve the competitiveness of Indian organisations on product design, quality and on-time delivery it has become necessary for them to look for innovations that produce maximum efficiency both within and beyond their operations (Sahay, 2000). Supply chain management is an integrating philosophy to manage the total flow of a distribution channel from supplier to ultimate customer. It is the management of upstream and downstream relationships – both within and beyond their operations – with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as a whole. Effective supply chain strategies for creating competitiveness revolve around the on-time delivery of competitive quality goods and services, at a reasonable cost, involving the right business partners (Easton, 2002). Business challenges in the twenty-first century The information age competition has ushered in a new set of challenges for business competitiveness (Luftman, 1996). These include: Understanding customers. There is no escaping the fact that the customer in todays marketplace is more demanding, not just of product quality, but also of service. As more and more markets become in effect commodity markets, where the customer perceives little technical difference between competing offers, the need is for the creation of differential advantage through added value. Hence, it is increasingly becoming important to understand customers needs and wants and to translate these into a unique value-added business mission. Managing time compression. Time is the primary competitive motive of business in the 1990s. This does not mean, however, that other motives such as cost, quality, and service can be ignored. In fact, these are pre-requisites to sustain competitiveness. But the winning factor is provided by time-based competition, which becomes the highest priority to gain responsiveness and flexibility. Product life cycles are shorter than ever before, industrial customers and distributors require just-in-time deliveries, and end-users are ever more willing to accept a substitute product if their first choice is not instantly available. Mastering mass customisation. The driving force behind the importance of responsiveness and flexibility is the need and the wish to respond to virtually any customer request just in time. Mass customisation offers a viable solution. It involves the delivery of a wide variety of customised goods or services quickly and efficiently at low cost. The key to making mass customisation work is highly-skilled and autonomous workers, processes, and modular units, so that managers can co-ordinate and reconfigure these modules to meet customer specific customer request and demands. Mastering mass customisation is the step towards gaining a competitive edge and is driving new business models. Undertaking globalisation. There is an increasing trend towards globalisation. Almost every sector of business is influenced by global forces due to globalisation. In the global business, materials and components are sourced worldwide, manufactured offshore and sold in many different countries, often with local customisation. The challenge for the global company, then, is to achieve the cost advantage of standardisation while still catering for the local demand for variety. This has given rise to intense competition blurring the boundaries between domestic and global markets. Business, therefore, can no longer act as an isolated and independent entity in competitive world, the real test of competitiveness takes place in international markets (Salcedo and Grackin, 2000). There is a need to create value delivery systems that are more responsive to fast changing global markets and much more consistent, focused and reliable. Competitiveness and Textile Industry Clothing manufacturing in many developed countries has almost disappeared, probably more quickly than the ATC signatories imagined. The Japan Textile Importers Association now estimates that 87 percent of clothes on sale in Japan are imported: the American Apparel and Footwear Association estimates 89 percent of US clothes. Nonetheless, the apparel industry in rich countries is fundamentally different in 2002 from what it was in 1994, and this change affects the way in which the political debate around further liberalization is likely to occur (Flanagan, 2003). The countries India and Vietnam are viewed as strong competitors in future market share of textiles and apparel. Trade relations with Vietnam were non-existent in 1993. Since that time, a desire for closure to the war sees initial trade relations established. Thus, the data may be misleading due to this fact. India has been among the largest producers of cotton fiber since the days of yore. In the past India would export low-value items such as fiber or yarn to developed nations, which produced and manufactured fabric for clothing. However, because the profit margins are highest in the fabric and assembling for the apparel supply chain, the realization dawned to integrate vertically. India has emerged as a major sourcing base of cotton clothing worldwide and most of the leading US retailers such as Gap, J.C. Penney, and Nordstrom have set up sourcing offices in India (Tyagi, 2003). As government policy has become more strongly oriented towards trade liberalization, the industries have become progressively exposed, through multi-lateral and bilateral deals, to the full force of international competition from a growing array of international suppliers. At the same time, the emergence of large, sophisticated retail groups together with intense retail competition has found retailers exercising their bargaining leverage by squeezing suppliers for lower prices, and higher levels of service and product innovation. There has also been an increasing trend among large retailers to source direct or use foreign intermediaries (Flanagan, 2004). Market needs have become more changeable and fragmented, and consumers have become more discriminating with regard to product novelty, quality and value. Technological change has resulted in a broadening and a deepening of the financial and intellectual resources textile and apparel companies need to compete. Companies have been faced with making heavy investments in new technologies against the background of poor profitability, uncertain competitive outcomes and difficulties in gaining access to capital at non-discriminatory rates (Kilduff and Priestland, 2001). METHODOLOGY Research Design The statement regarding the nature of the problem identifies concepts that have to be explored and that would influence the data collection methods, the subsequent data analysis and reporting that would influence the data collection methods, the subsequent data analysis and reporting that are required (Hakim, 1997). In the light of this assumption the researcher meets with the task of constructing a research design, and analysing and interpreting data. The design of research study is based on the purposes of the research, if explanatory information is needed then a quantitative research is likely to be undertaken and if exploratory information is needed, then a qualitative research may be taken (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000). So far as the proposed study is concerned both exploratory and explanatory information is needed for getting the clear picture of the study problem, therefore both qualitative and quantitative research methods will be applied in the proposed study. Data Collection Methods In academic study the two most common methods of data collection are primary and secondary (Saunders et al, 2004). Therefore in the proposed study also both secondary and primary data collection methods will be applied. The sources of secondary data in the proposed study will be academic journals, trade magazines, Government of India Textile Ministry Reports, Indian Textile and Clothing Exports Association Reports, Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) Reports, Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) Reports and various other related private and public reports. The primary data collection follows the procedure of data collection through interviews, questionnaires, observation, case studies, diaries, portfolios etc. In fact, such data is called primary, because it is the initial step, which the researcher has to take in order to begin research. The researcher can use one or more than techniques specified above to collect the data in the present study questionnaire based survey technique would be applied for collect primary data (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000). This technique is found instrumental in generating and quantitative data. For questionnaire based survey 25 managers (as sample) will be selected from Mumbai (India) based textile firms. TIME PLAN BIBLIOGRAPHY Easton, R. (2002), Seizing the supply chain opportunity in Asia, Ascet, Vol. 4. Flanagan, M. (2003), Let there be no doubt: quotas will go – almost everywhere, Apparel Sourcing in the 21st Century, pp.3. Flanagan, M. 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